Immune checkpoint inhibitors as the second-line treatment for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a cost-effectiveness analysis based on network meta-analysis

Abstract Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated superior clinical efficacy in prolonging overall survival (OS) as the second-line treatment for advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and were recommended by the guidelines.However, it remains uncertain which ICI is the most cost-effective.This stu

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Fuzzy B-Spline Surface Modeling

This paper discusses the construction of a fuzzy B-spline surface model.The construction of this model is based on fuzzy set theory which is based on fuzzy number and fuzzy Statues relation concepts.The proposed theories and concepts define the uncertainty data sets which represent fuzzy data/control points allowing the uncertainties data points mo

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